_TERMINE_RELATIVO_ALLE_ORCHIDEE_(INGLESE)
_SPIEGAZIONE_DEL_TERMINE_(INGLESE)
ACAULESCENT
HAVING NO VISIBLE STEM, OR A VERY SHORT ONE.
ACAULIS
HAVING NO STEM.
ACCRETE
GROWN TOGETHER.
ACICULAR
NEEDLELIKE SPINE; POINTED; BRISTLE.
ACINACIFORM
SCIMITAR-SHAPED. A "SCIMITAR" IS A TYPE OF CURVED SWORD YOU SEE IN THOSE 1,001 ARABIAN NIGHTS TYPE MOVIES. I.E. CURVED-SHAPED.
ACRANTHOUS
TERM APPLIES TO SYMPODIAL TYPE ORCHIDS, REFERRING TO THE ANNUAL PORTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE GROWTH OF THE RHIZOME, EACH BEGINNING WITH SCALED-LEAVES, ENDING WITH AN INFLORESCENCE.
ACROPETAL
LEAVES AND FLOWERS DEVELOPING SUCCESSIVELY (ONE AFTER THE OTHER) ON ONE AXIS SO YOUNGEST IS AT THE APEX (TOP).
ACULEATE
PRICKLE-SHAPED.
ACUMEN
A TAPERING POINT.
ACUTE
DISTINCTLY AND SHARPLY POINTED, BUT NOT DRAWN OUT.
ADNATION
ADJ. ADNATE FUSION OF UNLIKE PARTS, E.G. LABELLUM WITH COLUMN; CONTRASTED WITH CONNATION
ADUMBRAL
SHADY.
ADVENTITIOUS
APPLIED TO ROOTS WHICH DO NOT ARISE FROM THE RADICLE OR ITS SUBDIVISIONS, BUT FROM A NODE ON THE STEM, ETC.
AERIAL ROOTS
BORNE ABOVE POTTING SURFACE.
AGAR
"AGAR" IS JUST AN EASIER WAY OF SAYING THE REAL NAME "AGAR AGAR".
AGAR-AGAR
GELANTINOUS SUBSTANCE OBTAINED MOSTLY AS TRANSLUCENT STRIPS OR WHITE POWDER FROM CERTAIN SEA WEEDS; USED AS SOLIDIFYING AGENT IN CULTURE MEDIA.
ALATA
WINGED.
ALBA
FLOWER WITH ALL SEGMENTS WHITE, BUT WHICH MAY HAVE SOME DEGREE OF YELLOW ON THE LIP ONLY.
ALBESCENT
BECOMING WHITE OR YELLOW.
ALBINISM
LACK OF COLOR; DEFICIENT IN PIGMENT.
ALLIANCE
DESIGNATES A GROUP OF GENERA THAT HAVE MANY COMMON CHARACTERISTICS AND CAN BE USED FOR CROSS BREEDING TO PRODUCE NEW HYBRID GENERA. AN ALLIANCE IS LIMITED TO GENERA WITHIN A SINGLE TRIBE.
ALLO
COMBINING FORM DENOTING DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OR FORMS; DIFFERENTIATION FROM NORMAL.
AMABILIS
LOVELY.
AMPLEXICAUL
CLASPING THE STEM.
ANAEROBIC
LIVING IN THE ABSENCE OF FREE OXYGEN.
ANASTOMOSE
WHEN ONE VEIN UNITES WITH ANOTHER, THE CONNECTION FORMING A RETICULATION.
ANGULATE
MORE OR LESS ANGULAR.
ANTHER
IN SEED PLANTS, PART OF THE STAMEN WHICH DEVELOPS AND CONTAINS POLLEN.
ANTHESIS
THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE OPENING OF THE BUD AND THE WITHERING OF THE OR STAMENS.
ANTICOUS
THE FORE-PART, I.E. THAT MOST REMOTE OR TURNED AWAY FROM THE AXIS.
ANTRORSE
TURNED BACKWARDS, DIRECTED UPWARDS.
APHYLLOUS
WITHOUT LEAVES.
APICAL
AT THE TIP; AS IN AN INFLORESCENCE BORNE AT THE TOP OF THE STEM OR PSEUDOBULB.
APICULE
ADJ. APICULATE FURNISHED WITH A SHORT SHARP, BUT NOT STIFF, POINT.
APICULE
A SHORT AND SHARP, BUT NOT STIFF, POINT.
APPLANATE
FLATTENED OUT OR HORIZONTALLY EXPANDED.
APPRESSED
LYING FLAT FOR THE WHOLE LENGTH OF THE ORGAN.
ARCUATE
CURVED LIKE A BOW.
ARISTATE
TIPPED WITH BRISTLE-LIKE APPENDAGE OR AWN.
AURICLE
A SMALL LOBE OR EAR.
AUTOGAMOUS
SELF-FERTILIZED; FLOWERS THAT ARE FERTILIZED BY THEIR OWN POLLEN.
AXIL
UPPER ANGLE FORMED BETWEEN THE STEM OR BRANCH AND ANY OTHER BRANCH, LEAF OR OTHER ORGAN ARISING FROM THEM.
AXIS
1. UPPER ANGLE FORMED BETWEEN THE STEM OR BRANCH AND ANY OTHER BRANCH, LEAF OR OTHER ORGAN ARISING FROM THEM; 2. THE MAIN LINE OF GROWTH IN A PLANT OR ORGAN, E.G., THE STEM, FROM WHICH THE OTHER PARTS SUCH AS THE LEAVES AND FLOWERS GROW.
BARBATE
BEARDED; BARBED.
BASAL
AT THE BASE OF AN ORGAN OR PART SUCH AS THE STEM OR PSEUDOBULB.
BIFOLIATE
WITH TWO LEAVES.
BIGENERIC
APPLIES TO HYBRIDS MADE BETWEEN MEMBERS OF TWO GENERA.
BISEXUAL
TWO-SEXED; WITH BOTH STAMENS AND PISTILS.
BLADE
EXPANDED PORTION OF A LEAF OR PETAL.
BRACT
A LEAF-LIKE ORGAN (OFTEN VERY REDUCED OR ABSENT) BEARING A FLOWER, INFLORESCENCE OR PARTIAL INFLOESCENCE IN ITS AXIL.
BRACTEATE
BEARING BRACTS.
BUD
AN UNOPENED FLOWER.
BULBOUS
BULB-LIKE.
BURSICLE
A MEMBRANOUS POCKET OR POUCH IN THE ORCHID FLOWER, COVERING OR ENCLOSING THE VISCIDIUM TO STOP IT FROM DRYING UP, AND BEING PUSHED BACK BY VISITING INSECTS.
CADUCOUS
FALLING OFF AT EARLY STAGES, WHEN BUDS FALL OFF.
CAESPITOSE
GROWING IN TUFTS OR DENSE CLUMPS.
CALCAREOUS
CONTAINING CALCIUM CARBORNATE, OR CALCITE, CHALKY.
CALCEOLATE
SLIPPER-LIKE; WITH THE FORM OF A ROUND-TOED SHOE.
CALLUS
PL. CALLI - 1. A WAXY OR FLESHY PROTUBERANCE ON THE LABELLUM; 2. A SOLID PROTUBERANCE CAUSED BY A MASS OF CELLS.
CALYX
OUTSIDE COVERING, USUALLY GREEN, OF FLOWER BUD, WHICH SPLITS OPEN AS THE PETALS GROW.
CAPSULE
A DRY FRUIT WHICH OPENS, WHEN THE SEEDS ARE RIPE, AT SEVERAL SLITS OR HOLES. ANY CLOSED VESSEL CONTAINING SPORES OR SEEDS.
CARPEL
SIMPLE PISTIL, OR ONE MEMBER OF A COMPOUND PISTIL, SPORE BEARING ORGAN.
CAUDATE
HAVING A "TAIL" OR NARROWED, APICAL EXTENSION, AS SOME SEPALS AND PETALS.
CAUDICLE
SLENDER STALK-LIKE APPENDAGE THAT ATTACHES THE VISCIDIUM (A STICKY GLAND) TO THE POLLINIA (POLLEN PACKETS).
CHLOROPHYLL
THE GREEN PIGMENT IN THE LEAVES AND SOMETIMES STEMS OF MOST PLANTS, WHICH USES SOLAR ENERGY TO CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER TO SUGAR, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOOD BY THE PLANTS.
CILIATE
FRINGED WITH USUALLY SMALL HAIRS.
CLEISTOGAMOUS
WITH FERTILIZATION TAKING PLACE WITHIN THE UNOPENED FLOWER.
CLINANDRIUM
A CAVITY, AT THE APEX OF A COLUMN IN ORCHIDS, IN WHICH THE ANTHERS REST.
CLONE
A PLANT DERIVED BY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION FROM ONE ORIGINAL SPECIMEN.
COLUMN
THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF THE ORCHID. THE COLUMN (TECHNICALLY CALLED A "GYNOSTEMIUM") IS FORMED BY THE FUSION OF MALE PORTION OF THE FLOWER (STAMENS) AND FEMALE PORTION (PISTILS). THIS IS ONE MAJOR CHARACTERISTIC THAT DEFINES ORCHIDS AND DIFFERENTIATES THEM FROM ALL OTHER FLOWERING PLANTS.
COLUMN-FOOT
A BASAL EXTENSION OF THE COLUMN TO WHICH THE LABELLUM IS ATTACHED.
CONNATION
ADJ. CONNATE FUSION OF LIKE PARTS. E.G. SEPAL WITH SEPAL: CONTRASTED WITH ADNATION.
COROLLA
INNER OF TWO SERIES OF FLORAL LEAVES; PETALS 
COTYLEDON
SEED-LEAF; PRIMARY LEAF OR LEAVES IN AN EMBRYO.
CREST
AN ELEVATED AND IRREGULAR OR TOOTHED RIDGE, IN ORCHIDS FOUND ON THE LIP.
CROSS
THE PROGENY RESULTING FROM POLLINATION FROM ONE PLANT TO ANOTHER. THE TERM IS SOMETIMES APPLIED TO A HYBRID BETWEEN DIFFERENT SPECIES. "CROSS" IS ALSO USED TO DESCRIBE TRANSFERRING OF POLLEN FROM ONE FLOWER OF A PLANT TO ANOTHER FLOWER OF A DIFFERENT PLANT.
CULTIVAR
THE HORTICULTURE TERM FOR "VARIETY" USED IN BOTANY WHICH REFERS TO MINOR DIFFERENCES THAT DIFFERENTIATES A PLANT FROM THE TYPICAL SPECIES SUCH AS A VARIATION IN FLOWER COLOR.
DAMPING
OFF THE COLLAPSE OF SEEDLINGS, USUALLY CAUSED BY INFESTATIONS OF A FUNGI.
DECIDUOUS
"FALLING OFF"; PLANTS THAT PERIODICALLY (USUALLY SEASONALLY) LOOSE THEIR FOLAGE TO CONSERVE MOISTURE DURING DORMANT PERIOD.
DEHISCENCE
SPONTANEOUS OPENING OF A RIPE FRUIT TO DISCHARGE ITS SEEDS.
DIANDROUS
WITH TWO STAMENS, AS MEMBERS OF THE ORCHID SUB-TRIBE CYPRIPEDILIANEA.
DIOECIOUS
UNISEXUAL; WITH THE MALE (STAMINATE) AND FEMALE (PISTILLATE) FLOWERS ON DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL PLANTS.
DISTICHOUS
IN TWO RANKS OR ROWS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF AN AXIS.
DIURNAL
REFERRING TO DAYTIME; IN REFERENCE TO FLOWERS, SIGNIFYING THOSE WHICH OPEN ONLY DURING THE DAY.
ECALCARATE
WITHOUT A SPUR OR SPURS.
ECHINATE
FURNISHED WITH PRICKLES OR BRISTLES.
ENDEMIC
CONFINED TO CERTAIN REGIONS, SUCHAS COUNTRY OR ISLAND.
EPHEMERAL
LASTING ONLY ONE DAY WHEN IN FLOWER.
EPICHIL
THE UPPER PART OF THE JOINTED, COMPLEX LIP OF CERTAIN ORCHIDS, AS IN THE GENUS STANHOPEA.
EPICHILE
TERMINAL LOBE OF LABELLUM IN CERTAIN ORCHIDS
EPIPHYTE
ADJ. EPIPHYTIC IPE, ABOVE OR ON; PHYTE, PLANT; A PLANT THAT GROWS ON ANOTHER PLANT-- SUCH AS ON A BUSH OR TREE, BUT IS NOT NOURISHED BY IT (HENCE, NOT PARASITIC). THEY USE THE HOST ONLY FOR ANCHORAGE, DRAWING FOOD AND MOISTURE FROM THE AIR AND FROM HUMUS COLLECTED IN THE ANGLES OF BRANCHES OR IN THE CREVICES OF THE BARK. AN "AIR-PLANT." ORCHIDS GENERALLY ARE FOUND GROWING ONE OF THREE WAYS: AS EPIPHYTES (THE MAJORITY GROW IN THIS MANNER), LITHOPHYTES, OR TERRESTRIALS.
EROSE
WITH THE MARGIN IRREGULARLY NOTCHED, AS IF GNAWED.
FAMILY
A GROUP OF PLANTS, USUALLY OF SEVERAL GENERA, AND MANY SPECIES, WHICH HAVE THE SAME BASIC FLORAL STRUCTURE AND CAN THUS BE READILY SEGREGATED AND RECOGNISED FROM OTHER FAMILIES.
FASCICULATE
BUNDLED; RADIATING FROM A CENTRAL GROWING POINT.
FERTILISATION
THE FUSION OF TWO GAMETES TO FORM A NEW INDIVIDUAL (ZYGOTE). CROSS-FERTILISATION REFERS TO MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES FROM DIFFERENT FLOWERS FUSING.
FLASK
A GLASS CONTAINER USED IN THE GERMINATION OF ORCHID SEEDS AND NEW SEEDLINGS.
FLASKING
THIS IS THE PROCESS OF SOWING ORCHID SEEDS IN A FLASK OR TRANSPLANTING SEEDLINGS INTO A FLASK.
FLORA
THE VEGETATION OR PLANT LIFE OF A GIVEN REGION.
FLORIFEROUS
FREE-FLOWERING; EASILY BROUGHT INTO FLOWER.
FOETID
WITH A DISAGREEABLE ODOUR.
FOLIACEOUS
LEAF-LIKE; USED PARTICULARLY IN REFERENCE TO SEPALS OR BRACTS WHICH SIMULATE SMALL OR LARGE LEAVES IN TEXTURE, SIZE, OR COLOUR.
FRINGED
FURNISHED WITH HAIR-LIKE APPENDAGES ON THE MARGINS.
FUGACIOUS
WITHERING QUICKLY; FALLING OFF SOON AFTER ANTHESIS (IN REFERENCE TO A FLOWER).
FUSIFORM
SPINDLE-SHAPED, TAPERING AT EACH END, CIGAR-SHAPED.
GENERIC
OF OR PERTAINING TO A GENUS.
GENUS
PL. GENERA - A CLASSIFICATORY TERM FOR A GROUP OF PLANTS, USUALLY COMPOSED OF SEVERAL SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SPECIES, BUT WITH CHARACTERS DISTINCTIVE ENOUGH TO ENABLE THE GENUS TO BE RECOGNISED AS A SEPARATE ENTITY WITHIN A FAMILY.
GLABROUS
WITHOUT HAIR OR DOWN.
GLANDULAR
WITH GLANDS, SECRETING ORGANS, OFTEN TINY, WHICH USUALLY MAKE THE PLANT STICKY.
GLAUCOUS
COVERED WITH A BLUISH-GREY, BLUISH-GREEN, OR WHITISH BLOOM WHICH WILL NOT RUB OFF.
GREGARIOUS
GROWING TOGETHER IN CLUSTERS OR COLONIES.
GREX
A LATIN WORD MEANING "GROUP" OR "FLOCK"; THE NAME USED TO DESCRIBE A GROUP OF OFFSPRING OF ANY GIVEN HYBRID CROSS. WHEN A GREX NAME IS REGISTERED, ALL ADDITIONAL IDENTICAL CROSSES, PLANTS PRODUCED FROM SEEDS OF THAT CROSS OR ANY ASEXUAL DIVISIONS OF THE CROSS ALL HAVE THE SAME GREX NAME. "ORCHID HYBRID (GREX) NAMES". THE INTERNATIONAL ORCHID REGISTER IS THE CENTURY OLD INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION SYSTEM FOR ORCHID HYBRIDS. ITS PURPOSE IS TO ENSURE THAT GREX NOMENCLATURE IS UNIFORM, ACCURATE AND STABLE, FREE FROM DUPLICATION AND IN ACCORD WITH INTERNATIONALLLY AGREED RULES. THE ORCHID REVIEW IS THE FIRST PLACE IN WHICH ALL NEW GREX REGISTRATIONS ARE PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME, THUS PROVIDING AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL SERVICE TO THE ORCHID WORLD.
GYNOSTEMIUM
THE TECHNICAL TERM FOR THE ORCHID'S COLUMN.
HASTATE
SPEAR SHAPED, WITH THE BASAL LOBE TURNED OUTWARD.
HERBACEOUS
HERB-LIKE; NOT WOODY.
HERBARIUM
A COLLECTION OF DRIED (OR OTHERWISE PRESERVED) PLANT SPECIMENS.
HOMONYM
A TAXONOMIC DESIGNATION REJECTED BECAUSE THE IDENTICAL TERM HAS BEEN USED TO DISIGNATE ANOTHER GROUP OF THE SAME RANK (A SYNONYM).
HUMUS
THE BROWN OR BLACKISH SUBSTANCE, SOMETIMES CALLED VEGETABLE MOULD, WHICH IS THE FINAL RESULT OF THE DECAY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL.
HYBRID
A PLANT WHICH IS THE OFFSPRING OF PARENTS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. HYBRIDS ARE EITHER INTRAGENERIC OR INTERGENERIC. THE INTERNATIONAL ORCHID REGISTER IS THE CENTURY OLD INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION SYSTEM FOR ORCHID HYBRIDS. ITS PURPOSE IS TO ENSURE THAT GREX NOMENCLATURE IS UNIFORM, ACCURATE AND STABLE, FREE FROM DUPLICATION AND IN ACCORD WITH INTERNATIONALLLY AGREED RULES. THE ORCHID REVIEW IS THE FIRST PLACE IN WHICH ALL NEW GREX REGISTRATIONS ARE PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME, THUS PROVIDING AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL SERVICE TO THE ORCHID WORLD.
HYBRIDIZATION
TO PRODUCE HYBRID OFFSPRING BY POLLINATION; TO INTERBREED; TO CROSS.
HYPHAE
A THREADLIKE FILAMENT POSSESSED BY MANY FUNGI THAT FUNCTION IN NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND TRANSFER.
HYPOCHILE
LOWER OR BASAL PART OF THE LIP IN SOME ORCHIDS, AS IN STANHOPEA.
INDEHISCENT
NOT SPLITTING OPEN AT MATURITY; OPPOSITE OF DEHISCENT.
INDIGENOUS
NATIVE; NOT INTRODUCED; NOT EXOTIC.
INFLORESCENCE
THE "FLOWER-CLUSTER";TECHNICALLY, IT'S "A GENERAL ARRANGEMENT AND DISPOSITION OF THE FLOWERS ON AN AXIS" THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF INFLORESCENCES BASED ON THE FORM OF THE FLOWER CLUSTER AND THE MANNER/SEQUENCE OF FLOWER BLOOMING. THE MAJOR ORCHID INFLORESCENCE FORMS INCLUDE SPIKE, RACEME AND SCAPE. OTHER LESS COMMON FORMS SEEN IN ORCHIDS INCLUDE CYME, CORYMB, AND UMBEL.
INTERGENERIC
TERM USUALLY USED WHEN REFERRING CROSS BREEDING DIFFERENT SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT GENERA PRODUCING NEW HIBRIDS. GENERA ARE ALWAYS GENETICALLY RELATED MEMBERS OF THE SAME TAXONOMIC TRIBE .
INTERNODE
POTION OF A STEM SITUATED BETWEEN THE NODES OR JOINTS.
INTRAGENERIC
TERM USUALLY USED WHEN REFERRING TO CROSS BREEDING DIFFERENT SPECIES OF A SINGLE GENERA PRODUCING NEW HYBRIDS.
ISTHMUS
A NARROWED PORTION OF A PART OR SEGMENT OF A FLOWER.
KEIKI
HAWAIIAN TERM USED BY ORCHIDISTS TO SIGNIFY AN OFFSHOOT OR OFFSET FROM A PLANT.
LABELLUM
LIP, PARTICULARLY THAT OF AN ORCHID.
LABIATE
LIPPED; FURNISHED WITH A LIP.
LINEAR
NARROW AND COMPARATIVELY LONG, WITH PARALLEL MARGINS.
LIP
ALSO LABELLUM - A PETAL, USUALLY OF QUITE DIFFERENT SHAPE AND SIZE TO THE OTHERS, NORMALLY AT THE BOTTOM OF THE FLOWER, OR APPARENTLY SO, AND OFTEN, ESPECIALLY IN ORCHIDS, OF COMPLICATED STRUCTURE.
LITHOPHYTE
ADJ. LITHOPHYTIC LITHO-, STONE; PHYTE, PLANT; A PLANT THAT GROWS ON STONE-- USING IT FOR ANCHORAGE, DRAWING FOOD AND MOISTURE FROM THE AIR AND FROM HUMUS COLLECTED IN THE CREVICES OF THE STONE. AN "AIR-PLANT." ORCHIDS GENERALLY ARE FOUND GROWING ONE OF THREE WAYS: LITHOPHYTIC, EPIPHYTES (THE MAJORITY GROW IN THIS MANNER), OR TERRESTRIALS.
LOBE
A PART OF A SEGMENT THAT REPRESENTS A DIVISION TO ABOUT THE MIDDLE.
LYRATE
SHAPED LIKE A LYRE; WITH AN ENLARGED APICAL LOBE AND SMALLER LOWER ONES.
MAQUIS
ARID, STONY TRACTS OF SILICEOUS SOIL, COVERED WITH SHRUBS BUT NOT TREES, SUCH AS FREQUENTLY FOUND IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES.
MARL
A CHALKY CLAY SOIL.
MEMBRANACEOUS
THIN AND MORE OR LESS TRANSLUCENT.
MENTUM
THE CHIN-LIKE PROTUBERANCE OCCURRING IN CERTAIN ORCHID FLOWERS, FORMED USUALLY BY THE BASES OF THE LATERAL SEPALS WITH THE ELONGATED COLUMN-FOOT.
MERICLONE
AN EXACT GENETIC COPY OF ANOTHER PLANT PRODUCED BY MERISTEM CULTURE.
MERISTEM
TISSUE COMPOSED OFDIVIDING CELLS TO PRODUCE TISSUES AND ORGANS, LOCATED IN SMALL AMOUNTS WITHIN THE GROWTH BUDS AND ROOT TIPSTHE GROWING POINT OF SHOOTS.
MERISTEM CULTURE
A LABORATORY TECHNIQUE THAT INVOLVES THE TAKING OF THE GROWING MERISTEM TIP FROM WITHIN THE NEW GROWTH AND CULTURING THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS, IN A SIMILAR WAY TO GERMINATION OF ORCHID SEEDS ARTIFICIALLY.
MESOCHILE
THE INTERMEDIATE OR MIDDLE PART OF THE LIP OF ORCHIDS WHEN THIS STRUCTURE IS SEPARATED INTO THREE DISTINCT PARTS, AS IN STANHOPEA.
MONANDROUS
WITH ONE STAMEN.
MONOCOTYLEDON
WITH A SINGLE COTYLEDON OR SEED-LEAF.
MONOECIOUS
WITH THE MALE (STAMINATE) FLOWERS AND THE FEMALE (PISTILLATE) FLOWERS BORNE IN SEPARATE INFLORESCENCES BUT ON THE SAME PLANT.
MONOPODIUM
PL. MONOPODIA - ADJ. MONOPODIAL ORCHIDS THAT GROW PRIMARILY UPWARDS, PRODUCING NEW GROWTH AT THE TOP OF THE PLANT FROM THE LOCATION OF THE PREVIOUS GROWTH. LEAVES ARE PRODUCED ALTERNATELY ON EITHER SIDE OF THE CENTRAL STEM AS IT GROWS. ORCHIDS WITH A MONOPODIAL GROWTH PATTERN ARE LESS COMMON THAN THOSE WITH A SYMPODIAL GROWTH PATTERN.
MONOTYPIC
ONE TYPE, SUCH AS ONE SPECIES IN A GENUS.
MYCELIUM
A NETWORK OF HYPHAE MADE FROM NEW CELLS THAT HAVE ELONGATED AND SPLIT REPEATEDLY FORMING A NETWORK. QUIESCENCE- A STAGE OF DORMANCY THAT NEW BUDS ENTER DURING EARLY WINTER OR PERIODS OF COLD.
MYRMECOPHILOUS
ANT-LOVING; INHABITED BY ANTS.
NECTARIFEROUS
HAVING NECTAR.
NOCTURNAL
OF THE NIGHT; USED IN REFERENCE TO FLOWERS WHICH OPEN AFTER DARK.
NODE
A JOINT OR KNOT.
NON-RESUPINATE
ORCHID FLOWERS NORMALLY POSITION THE LIP AT THE BOTTOM JUST ABOVE THE COLUMN. SOME GENERA, HOWEVER, SUCH AS CYCNOCHES, MALAXIS, AND NEPHELAPHYLLUM POSITION THE LIP UPPERMOST WITH THE COLUMN BELOW MAKING THE FLOWER APPEAR TO BE UP-SIDE-DOWN.
NOMENCLATURE
THE SYSTEM OF NAMING.
ORCHIDACEAE
PERTAINING TO A LARGE FAMILY OF PERENNIAL EPIPHYTIC OR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; ORCHID FAMILY.
ORCHIDACEOUS
ORCHID FAMILY, USUALLY HAVING SHOWY FLOWERS WITH COROLLA OF THREE PETALS; ONE LABELLUM OR LIP DIFFERS GREATLY FROM OTHERS AND OFTEN SPURRED.
ORCHIDIST
ONE WHO COLLECTS OR IS INTERESTED IN ORCHIDS HORTICULTURALLY.
ORCHIDOLOGIST
A BOTANIST WHO SPECIALIZES IN THE TECHNICAL STURDY OF ORCHIDS. PANICLE A BRANCHING INFLORESCENCE ON WHICH ALL THE BRANCHES BEAR FLOWERS, A BRANCHED RACEME PANICULATE HAVING THE FORM OF A PANICLE
PANICLE
A BRANCHING INFLORESCENCE ON WHICH ALL THE BRANCHES BEAR FLOWERS, A BRANCHED RACEME.
PANICULATE
HAVING THE FORM OF A PANICLE.
PARTHENOGENETIC
SEED WHICH DEVELOPS WITHOUT FERTILIZATION, BUT BY STIMULUS ONLY.
PEDICEL
THE STALK OF AN INDIVIDUAL FLOWER IN AN INFLORESCENCE.
PEDICELLATE OVARY
THE COMBINED PEDICEL WITH PEDICELLATE OF THE FLOWER.
PEDUNCLE
STALK OF A FLOWER-CLUSTER OR OF A SOLITARY FLOWER.
PERFOLIATE
WITH THE LEAF SURROUNDING THE STEM.
PERIANTH
FLORAL ENVELOPE, CONSISTING OF THE CALYX AND COROLLA (EVEN IF NOT ALL PARTS ARE PRESENT) THE PERIANTH OF AN ORCHID FLOWER CONSISTS OF THE SEPALS, PETALS, AND LIP.
PETAL
ONE OF THE DIVISIONS OR LEAVES OF COROLLA.
PETIOLE
LEAFSTOCK, SLENDER STALK BY WHICH A LEAF IS ATTACHED TO THE STEM.
PHALAENOPSOID
GROWING LIKE A PHALAENOPSIS.
PISTIL
THE FEMALE OR SEED-PRODUCING ORGAN OF A FLOWER, CONSISTING USUALLY OF THE OVARY, STYLE, AND ; IN ORCHID THE PISTIL BECOMES PART OF THE COLUMN AND PEDICELLATE OVARY.
POLLEN
SPORES OR GRAINS BORNE BY THE ANTHER, CONTAINING THE MALE ELEMENT; IN ORCHIDS, IT IS USUALLY NOT GRANULAR, AS IN MOST OTHER PLANTS.
POLLINIUM
PL. POLLINIA - COHERENT MASSES OR "PACKETS" OF POLLEN. ORCHIDS HAVE TWO, FOUR, SIX, OR EIGHT POLLINIUM (PACKETS). THE NUMBER OF POLLINIA IS TRADITIONALLY CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MAJOR FACTORS IN DEFINING A GENUS OF AN ORCHID.
POLLINARIUM
THE APPERATUS OF THE ORCHID USED TO TRANSPORT POLLEN FROM ONE FLOWER TO ANOTHER. THE POLLINATION CONSISTS OFTHE POLLINIA (POLLEN PACKETS), THE CAUDICLE (A STALK-LKE APPENDAGE), AND THE VISCIDIUM (A STICKY GLAND).
PRICKLE
SMALL SHARP SPINE OR THORN.
PROGENY
PLANTS GROWN FROM SEEDS PRODUCED BY PARENT PLANTS; OFFSPRINGS.
PROTOCORN
THE FIRST GROWTH PRODUCED BY A GERMINATING ORCHID SEED BEFORE THE GROWTH OF LEAVES.
PSEUDOBULB
THICKENED OR BULB-LIKE STEMS (CALLED "PSEUDOBULBS" BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT TRUE BULBS) PRODUCED BY SOME SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS TO STORE WATER AND FOOD. ONLY ORCHIDS WHOSE HABITAT HAS SEASONAL PERIODS OF DRYNESS OR DROUGHT HAVE ADOPTED THIS LIFE-SAVING CHARACTERISTIC.
PUBESCENT
HAIRY, THE HAIRS SHORT, SOFT AND DOWNY.
QUADRIGENERIC
PERTAINING TO FOUR GENERA; USED PARTICULARLY IN REFERENCE TO HYBRIDS COMBINING MEMBERS OF FOUR GENERA.
RACEME
A SIMPLE UNBRANCHED INFLORESENCE IN WHICH THE ELONGATED AXIS BEARS FLOWERS ON SHORT STEMS (PEDICELS) SUCCESSION TOWARD THE APEX.
RACHIS
THE AXIS OF A SPIKE, RACEME, OR BRANCH OF A PANICLE.
RADICAL
BELONGING OR PERTAINING TO THE ROOT OR BASE.
RAMIFICATION
THE MODE OR STYLE OF BRANCHING OF A PLANT.
REPENT
CREEPING, AND TYPICALLY ROOTING AT THE JOINTS.
REVERSE OSMOSIS
A PROCESS USED TO PURIFY WATER BY FORCING CONTAMINATED WATER THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE. THE MEMBRANE ALLOWS THE WATER MOLECULES TO PASS THROUGH BUT NOT THE OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAMINATING THE WATER. REVERSE OSMOSIS IS USED TO COMMERCIALLY PURIFY SEA WATER AS WELL AS BY HIKERS TO REMOVE IMPURITIES FROM WATER FOUND ALONG THE TRAIL.
RHIZOME
THE WOODY PARTS OF THE ROOTSTOCK AT THE BASE OF THE ORCHID WHICH GROWS ALONG OR JUST UNDER THE SURFACE OF THE GROUND OR ALONG HOST. NEW GROWTH OF SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS ALWAYS BEGINS AT THE END OF THE RHIZOME.
RINGENT
GAPING; SAID OF LIPPED FLOWERS WITH AN OPEN THROAT OR MOUTH.
ROSTELLUM
GR. "LITTLE BEAK": REFERS TO A SLENDER GROWTH OF TISSUE LOCATED AT THE UPPER PART OF THE COLUMN WHICH PHYSICALLY SEPERATES THE MALE AND FEMALE PARTS THUS PROVIDING A BARRIER TO PREVENT SELF POLLENIZATION. THE ROSTELLUM ALSO IS USED TO APPLY A STICKY "GLUE" TO THE BACK OF THE POLLINATOR (USUALLY AN INSECT SUCH AS A BEE) TO ATTACH THE POLLINARIUM (THE POLLEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM).
ROSETTE
A MORE-OR-LESS DENSE BASAL CLUSTER OF LEAVES.
RUPICOLOUS
DWELLING IN OR ON ROCKS OR STONES.
SACCATE
WITH A CONSPICUOUS HOLLOW SWELLING. THE TERM IS USUALLY USED TO DESCRIBE THE BAG, POUCH, OR SAC-SHAPE OF THE LIP ON AN ORCHID FLOWER, LIKE THE LIP-SHAPE OF SPECIES IN GENUS PAPHIOPEDILUM.
SAPHROPHYTE
PLANTS OFTEN LACKING CHLOROPHYLL; RECEIVING NOURISHMENT FROM DEAD OR DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER; NEEDING THE SERVICES OF CERTAIN FUNGI TO BE ABLE TO ABSORB FOOD.
SAXICOLOUS
DWELLING IN OR NEAR ROCKY PLACES; GROWING ON ROCKS.
SCAPE
A LEAFLESS MAIN FLOWER-STALK ARISING FROM THE UNDERGROUND OR SUB-SURFACE PARTS OF A PLANT (SPECIES OF PAPHIOPEDILUM ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE); IT MAY BEAR SCALES, BRACTS, AND MAY BE ONE OR MANY-FLOWERED.
SECUND
TO ONE SIDE, AS FLOWERS ON AN INFLORESCENCE.
SELFING
THE POLLINATION BY THE PLANT'S ANTHERS OF EITHER THE SAME FLOWER OR A FLOWER ON THE SAME PLANT. IN HYBRID NAMES, YOU WILL OFTEN SEE (X SELF) IN THE NAME OF THE PLANT WHICH MEANS IT WAS CROSSED BY THE SAME PLANT. (SEE SIBBED).
SEPAL
THE OUTERMOST WHORL OF FLOWER PARTS.
SESSILE
WITHOUT A STALK.
SHEATH
THE TUBULAR BASE OF THE LEAF SURROUNDING THE FLOWER SPIKE.
SIBBED
PLANTS THAT HAVE THE SAME PARENTAGE. IN HYBRID NAMES, YOU MAY SEE (X SIB) IN THE NAME. THIS MEANS THE CROSS OF THE PLANT WAS MADE USING THE SAME PARENTS. (SEE SELFING).
SPECIES
PL. SPECIES - ABBREV. SP. A GROUP OF ORGANISMS, FORMING A SUBDIVISION OF A GENUS, WHICH HAVE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS, ENABLING ONE SPECIES TO BE IDENTIFIED FROM ITS NEIGHBOURS; A TRUE SPECIES PERSISTENTLY BREEDS TRUE TO ITS MAIN CHARACTERS.
SPERMATOPHYTE
A SEED-PRODUCING PLANT.
SPIKE
AN ELONGATED UNBRANCHED INFLORESCENCE (FLOWER-CLUSTER) IN WHICH THE FLOWERS ARE DEVOID OF PEDICELS.
SPUR
HOLLOW SAC-LIKE OR TUBULAR EXTENSION OF THE LIP, USUALLY NECTARIFEROUS SPURRED - HAVING SPURS.
STAMEN
PL. STAMENS - OR STAMINA THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF A FLOWER. IN ORCHIDS THE ONE OR TWO STAMENS ARE PART OF THE COLUMN.
STELIDIA
COLUMN TEETH.
STEM PROPAGATION
SMALL PLANTS THAT ARE FORMED ON FLOWER STEMS. IN SOME ORCHIDS THE FLOWER STEM HAS NODES WHICH CARRY THE DORMANT EYES AND CAN DEVELOP INTO BUDS OR LEAVES.THESE NEW PLANTS ARE CALLED "KEIKI".THERE IS A HORMONE COMPOUND CALLED KEIKI PASTE THAT IS USED IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF THESE PLANTLETS. THIS PRACTICE IS COMMONLY USED ON PHALAENOPSIS.
STIGMA
PL. STIGMAS OR STIGMATA - THE TERMINAL PART OF THE OVARY, AT THE END OF THE STYLE, WHICH IS RECEPTIVE TO THE POLLEN.
STIPE
PL. STIPITES - A SLENDER, STALK-LIKE STEM.
STOMA
A BREATHING PORE IN THE LEAF EPIDERMIS.
STYLE
THE NARROW PORTION OF THE PISTIL WHICH CONNECTS THE OVARY AND THE , NOT USUALLY APPLICABLE TO ORCHIDS.
SUBSPECIES
A TRUE-BREEDING FORM OF A SPECIES, OFTEN CHARACTERISTIC OF A DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC AREA, WHICH IS NOT SUFFICIENTLY DISTINCTTO WARRANT SEPARATE CLASSIFICATION.
SUBGENUS
ONE OF THE DIVISIONS INTO WHICH LARGE GENERA ARE SOMETIMES TAXONOMICALLY DIVIDED.
SYMBIOSIS
LIVING TOGETHER OF DISSIMILAR ORGANISMS WITH BENEFIT TO BOTH.
SYMPODIUM
PL. SYMPODIA - ADJ. SYMPODIAL ORCHIDS THAT PRODUCE NEW GROWTH FROM THE BASE OF THE PLANT WHERE THE PREVIOUS GROWTH OCCURED (FROM THE RHIZOME). THE MAJORITY OF ORCHIDS HAVE SYMPODIAL GROWTH, THE OTHERS HAVE A MONOPODIAL GROWTH PATTERN.
SYNSEPAL
A SINGLE FLORAL PART FORMED BY THE PARTIAL OR COMPLETE FUSION OF TWO OR MORE OF THE ORCHID SEPALS (USUALLY THE LATERAL PAIR AS IN A PAPHIOPEDILUM).
TAPROOT
LARGE MAIN ROOT GROWING VERTICALLY DOWNWARD.
TERETE
ELONGATE AND PENCIL-SHAPED.
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS THAT GROW IN OR NEAR THER SURFACE OF THE GROUND; GROWING IN SOIL. ORCHIDS GENERALLY ARE FOUND GROWING ONE OF THREE WAYS: AS TERRESTRIALS EPIPHYTES (THE MAJORITY GROW IN THIS MANNER), OR LITHOPHYTES.
THROAT
IN ORCHIDS WITH A TUBULAR LIP, USED TO DESIGNATE THE LOWER PART OF THE TUBE.
TOMENTOSE
COVERED WITH WOOLY, MATTED HAIRS.
TRIBE
A GROUP OF RELATED GENERA FORMING A NATURAL DIVISION WITHIN A FAMILY.
TUBER
THICKENED AND SHORT SUBTERRANEAN BRANCH HAVING NUMEROUS BUDS OR EYES.
TUBEROUS
TUBER-LIKE; FURNISHED WITH TUBERS.
UMBEL
AN INDETERMINATE, CONVEX OR FLAT-TOPPED I` IN WHICH THE PEDICELS OF THE CLUSTER ARISE FROM A COMMON POINT.
UNISEXUAL
WITH FLOWERS OF ONE SEX ONLY.
URCEOLATE
URN-SHAPED.
VAGINATE
PROVIDED WITH OR SURROUNDED BY A SHEATH.
VANDACEOUS
FROM THE GENUS NAME VANDA, ALLUDING TO ANY ORCHID HAVING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A VANDA SPECIES; LARGE MONOPODIAL ORCHIDS SUCH AS GENERA AERIDES, ARACHNIS RHYNCHOSTYLIS, AND RENANTHERA.
VARIEGATED
IRREGULARLY COLORED PATTERNS OR COLORS IN LEAVES, FLOWERS ECT.
VARIETY
PLANT HAVING MINOR CHARACTERS OR VARIATIONS WHICH SEPARATES IT FROM THE TYPE SPECIES.
VEGETATIVE
PART OF A PLANT NOT DIRECTLY CONCERNED WITH REPODUCTION AS THE STEM AND LEAVES.
VERRUCOSE
COVERED WITH OR FURNISHED WITH WART-LIKE PROJECTIONS.
VISCIDIUM
PL. VISCIDIA A STICKY DISC-SHAPED GLAND LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE CAUDICLE (A SLENDER STALK-LIKE APPENDAGE). USED TO ATTACH THE POLLINIA (POLLIN PACKETS) TO AN INSECT ALLOWING THE POLLEN TO BE CARRIED TO ANOTHER FLOWER.
WHORL
AN ARRANGEMENT OF THREE OR MORE LEAVES OR OTHER ORGANS IN A CIRCLE ABOUT AN AXIS.
XEROPHYTE
A PLANT WHICH IS ADAPTED TO LIVE ON A LIMITED SUPPLY OF MOISTURE.
